An Organoid for Woven Bone

Bone formation (osteogenesis) is a complex process in which cellular differentiation and the generation of mineralized organic matrix are synchronized to produce hybrid hierarchical architecture. To study mechanisms osteogenesis health disease, there great need for functional model systems that capture parallel, both processes. Stem cell-based organoids promising as functional, self-organizing 3D vitro models studying physiology pathology various tissues. However, human bone, no such system yet available. This reports bone marrow stromal cells into co-culture osteoblasts osteocytes, creating an organoid early stage (woven bone) formation. It demonstrates where osteocytes embedded within collagen produced by under biological control. Alike vivo show network communication via expression sclerostin. The current forms most complete living investigate osteogenesis, physiological pathological situations, well influence external triggers (mechanical stimulation, drug administration).